In 2022, Gallup reported that 8% of Americans vaped or smoked e-cigarettes in the past week. Vaping is often touted as safer than smoking, but the health risks are still unknown. Regulators have increased scrutiny on the e-cigarette industry to protect consumers from...

The route of administration is a crucial consideration when comparing the effectiveness of cannabinoid formulations. Enzymes in the liver metabolize a large proportion of orally ingested cannabinoid molecules before they ever have a chance to enter the bloodstream....

More than a third of American adults don’t get enough sleep. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), routinely sleeping less than seven hours per night is associated with serious chronic health problems, such as diabetes, heart disease,...

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of preventable disease, disability, and death in the United States. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that tobacco kills up to half of its...

Inhaled medicines have been used for over 50 years for simple and rapid delivery. The large surface area and high permeability of lung tissue allow for advantages in inhalation over oral drug administration, such as increased bioavailability, quick onset, and dosing...

A cannabinoid product may list a 10-milligram dose on the label, but how much of that dose will actually have an effect when it’s consumed? The answer depends on cannabinoid bioavailability, or the extent to which cannabinoid molecules reach the physiological site of...